In finance, a margin is collateral that the holder of a position in securities, options, or futures contracts has to deposit to cover the credit risk of his counterparty (most often his broker).
A example to explain what is margin：
Jean buys a share in Universal Widgets SA for $100, using $20 of his own money, and $80 borrowed from his broker. The net value (share - loan) is $20. The broker wants a minimum margin requirement of $10.
Suppose the share goes down to $85. The net value is now only $5, and Jean will either have to sell the share or repay part of the loan (so that the net value of his position is again above $10).
premium margin example 1
An investor sells a call option, where the buyer has the right to buy 100 shares in Universal Widgets S.A. at 90¢. He receives an option premium of 14¢. The value of the option is 14¢, so this is the premium margin. The exchange has calculated, using historical prices, that the option value won't go above 17¢ the next day, with 99% certainty. Therefore, the additional margin requirement is set at 3¢, and the investor has to post at least 14¢ + 3¢ = 17¢ in his margin account as collateral.
additional margin requirement
example 2
Futures contracts on sweet crude oil closed the day at $65. The exchange sets the additional margin requirement at $2, which the holder of a long position pays as collateral in his margin account. A day later, the futures close at $66. The exchange now pays the profit of $1 in the mark-to-market to the holder. The margin account still holds only the $2.
Example 3
An investor is long 50 shares in Universal Widgets Ltd, trading at 120 pence (£1.20) each. The broker sets an additional margin requirement of 20 pence per share, so £10 for the total position. The current liquidating margin is currently £60 in favour of the investor. The minimum margin requirement is now -(!)£60 + £10 = -£50. In other words, the investor can run a deficit of £50 in his margin account and still fulfil his margin obligations. This is the same as saying he can borrow up to £50 from the broker.
Friday, May 30, 2008
Wednesday, May 28, 2008
The lost ring game training
Guys from different countries, play this game together in Singapore.
After game, we went to eat Mynmar food, and went to drink after that, play BAING game.
Monday, May 26, 2008
web 3.0, Have u heard about it ?
Web 3.0 Design: REST, AJAX, Silverlight, Widget Enabled, Taggable, Searchable everything…
RSS. A Web 3.0 Driver
In the coming ten years RSS and its related technologies will become the single most important Internet technology because of its specific quality to development of the new web as it’s really very simple. Any person who has a little bit knowledge of coding can generate an extensible, standards based database of information that can be transferred to almost any other modern web site.
If Web 3.0 is the Semantic Web, where machine read content like human beings then RSS will be its eyes. RSS technology is still in vast uses especially in the online news portals. The entire business models have already being created around aggregating meta-data. IGoogle, MyIndiaTims and Netvibes allow the users to create their own personal homepage, drawing much of its content from RSS feeds that users select.
The trend of RSS tool will be increased in the future in which user can include a host of data-points. Each blog post, the future microblogging feed can be personalize according to users’ desire as every picture, every video clip, every music will be searchable, taggable and XML based collaborate. The biggest example of its already exists in a web portal named ‘MyIndiaTims.com’.
The real power of Web 3.0 will be in the used in creating data and transferring it effectively.
Candidate Web 3.0 technologies
Web 3.0 would be used in various technologies of computer and Internet. Here is the list of web 3.0 users:
- Artificial intelligence
- Automated reasoning
- Cognitive architecture
- Composite applications
- Distributed computing
- Knowledge representation
- Ontology (computer science)
- Recombinant text
- Scalable vector graphics
- Semantic Web
- Semantic Wiki
- Software agents
新加坡式英语
英 语在新加坡是广泛使用的语言之一。可是许多首次到新加坡的游客都对出自新加坡人口中的英语似懂非懂。这是因为新加坡人说话的速度非常快，再加上他们特有的 口音。除此，新加坡人所用的英语也逐渐进化成具有特色的“新式英语”(Singlish)－－一种在新加坡多元种族文化背景影响下所形成、混合了其他在新 加坡广泛使用语言的特色英语。
以下为您列出一些较常用的“新加坡式英语”字眼，让您参考，或能在新加坡旅行时派上用场。 |
| Action (动词) 源出英语，是炫耀的意思 举例：那个家伙总是爱 action，把劳力士牌手表戴在袖子上。 |
| Arrow (动词) 源出英语，意思为被指定做某些您不喜欢做的事 举例：我被他 arrow 到这里上漆。 |
| Blur (形容词) 源出英语，意思为什么都不知道 / 不知道发生什么事。 举例：他没有准备功课，所以今天上课时显得特别 blur。 |
| Boh-Chup (形容词) 源出福建话，指不管的意思。 举例：啊，boh-chup，我今天不交功课了。 |
Chim 源出福建话，指深奥、无法理解的意思。 举例：今天胡教授这堂课很 chim。 |
| Chope (动词) 源出英语，是预定的意思。 举例：明天的那场免费表演肯定会有很多人出席，我们一定得提早去 chope 座位。 |
Gostun (动词) 源出英语，是倒退的意思。 举例：他把车子驾过头了，所以现在得 gostun。 |
| Havoc (形容词) 源出英语，是很野、控制不住的意思。 举例：那男孩很 havoc，每天都玩到三更半夜才回家。 |
| Kayu (形容词) 源出马来语，是蠢或笨的意思。 举例：他太 kayu 了。教了这么多次还是不会。 |
| Kiasu (形容词) 源出福建话，是指怕输给别人或不要丢脸的意思。 举例：他一大早就去排队买今晚的戏票，真是 kiasu！ |
| Lah 新加坡人最喜欢用 lah 完成句子，以示强调 / 重点。 举例：很好笑 lah ！ |
Langgar (动词) 源出马来语，是相撞的意思。 举例：那辆车突然冲了出来，与我的车 langgar 。 |
| Obiang (形容词) 源出福建话，是指过时、丑陋的意思。 举例：这件衣服这么 obiang，怎么会有人要买？ |
Pai seh (形容词) 源出福建话，指不好意。 举例：这已经是我第三次忘记她的名字了，真的很 pai seh 。 |
| Shiok (形容词) 源出马来语，意思为绝妙的、非凡的。 举例：那碗虾面汤很 shiok 。 |
Sekali 突然的意思。 举例：我正准备右转，sekali 那辆车冲了出来，差点和我的车 langgar ！ |
| Solid (形容词) 源出英语，是很棒的意思。 举例：你看到他刚才如何进球吗？Solid！ |
Sotong (形容词) 源出马来语，是什么都不知道的意思 (类似 Blur 的意思) (Sotong 在马来语是指乌贼。乌贼会喷射黑墨使周围一片朦胧) 举例：这个方案已经进行好几个月了，你怎么现在才知道？ 真是 sotong！ |
| Suaku (名词) 源出福建话，是乡巴佬的意思 举例：你怎么那么 suaku ？连激光唱机是什么都不懂！ |
| Terok (形容词) 源出马来语，是麻烦或困难的意思 举例：那位顾客真是非常 terok ！ |
| Tompang (动词) 源出马来语，是乘坐或请求帮助的意思 举例：您现在要到邮政局去吗？我能否 tompang 你帮我把这些信寄出去？ |
| Ulu (形容词) 源出马来语，意思为乡下或荒废的地方 举例：这个地方这么 ulu ，连个人影都没有。 |
意思为非常爱夸口或非常自大。
举例：他这个人很 ya ya。
转载 ：http://www.visitsingapore.com/publish/stbportal/zh/home/about_singapore/fun_stuff/singlish_dictionary.html
Sunday, May 25, 2008
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